Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 08 – 08 The proposition that “correlation does not imply causation” is among the most frequently repeated warnings in empirical research. Properly understood, it states that an observed association is not by itself sufficient to establish a causal relation. The same association may arise from direct causation, reverse causation,Continue reading “Excursus 134 – On Correlation, Regression, and Causality: The Missing Counterfactual”
Tag Archives: causal models
Excursus 092 – On Structured Inference
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 19 Much of classical statistical inference derives its strength from repeated observations and probabilistic regularities. An equally important source of scientific knowledge, however, arises from structure. In many disciplines, inference succeeds not primarily because observations are numerous but because they are constrained by systematic relationships. Such constraintsContinue reading “Excursus 092 – On Structured Inference”
Hossein Jorjani 