Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 18 Scientific knowledge depends upon institutions. Universities, academies, journals, and professional societies preserve standards of evidence, refine methods, and transmit accumulated understanding from one generation to the next. Without such institutions, science could neither maintain continuity nor achieve collective progress. Yet the same institutions that preserve knowledgeContinue reading “Excursus 048 – On Insiders and Outsiders in Scientific Innovation”