Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 20 Immanuel Kant’s enduring significance lies not only in the originality of his philosophy but also in the methodological attitude from which it emerged. Living during the period in which Newtonian mechanics represented the most successful scientific account of the physical world, Kant regarded this achievement notContinue reading “Excursus 099 – On Kant as a Model of Philosophical Responsibility”
Author Archives: Hossein Jorjani
Excursus 098 – On an Additional Criterion for Evaluating Philosophers
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 20 Philosophers are commonly evaluated according to such criteria as originality, logical consistency, conceptual clarity, influence, and historical significance. These are all important measures of philosophical achievement. Yet they do not exhaust the criteria by which philosophical work may be assessed. Philosophy has never developed independently ofContinue reading “Excursus 098 – On an Additional Criterion for Evaluating Philosophers”
Excursus 097 – On Events and Processes
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 20 Many historical and scientific developments are commonly described as if they consisted of discrete events: revolutions, paradigm shifts, qualitative leaps, breakthroughs, or discoveries. Such expressions are often useful as descriptive labels, but they should not be mistaken for explanations. Closer examination frequently reveals that what appearsContinue reading “Excursus 097 – On Events and Processes”
Excursus 096 – On Selection in Scientific Inquiry
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 20 Every scientific inquiry begins with selection. No researcher can investigate every problem, read every publication, examine every hypothesis, or pursue every promising idea. Scientific work is therefore conducted under conditions of scarcity: time, attention, funding, personnel, and institutional resources are all limited. Selection should not beContinue reading “Excursus 096 – On Selection in Scientific Inquiry”
Excursus 095 – On Manifestations of Change
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 20 Change often referred to as movement in philosophical literature, is one of the most fundamental features of both nature and thought. Yet philosophers have often emphasized different manifestations of change and, in some cases, treated one particular manifestation as though it exhausted the phenomenon itself. TheContinue reading “Excursus 095 – On Manifestations of Change”
Excursus 094 – On Formal Logic and Changing Reality
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 19 Formal logic and dialectical reasoning are often presented as mutually exclusive approaches. This opposition, however, concerns not the validity of logical inference but the domain to which different forms of reasoning are applied. Formal logic, in the classical tradition, operates upon abstract concepts according to principlesContinue reading “Excursus 094 – On Formal Logic and Changing Reality”
Excursus 093 – On the Two Stages of Historical Inquiry
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 19 Historical inquiry is often presented as a branch of the humanities, whereas the natural sciences are regarded as fundamentally different modes of investigation. In practice, however, modern historical research increasingly proceeds through two complementary stages that draw upon both domains. The first stage seeks to establishContinue reading “Excursus 093 – On the Two Stages of Historical Inquiry”
Excursus 092 – On Structured Inference
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 19 Much of classical statistical inference derives its strength from repeated observations and probabilistic regularities. An equally important source of scientific knowledge, however, arises from structure. In many disciplines, inference succeeds not primarily because observations are numerous but because they are constrained by systematic relationships. Such constraintsContinue reading “Excursus 092 – On Structured Inference”
Excursus 091 – On Reconstruction as a Form of Scientific Inference
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 19 Scientific inference is commonly discussed in terms of interpolation and extrapolation. Yet many important forms of modern scientific reasoning belong to neither category. They are better understood as instances of reconstruction. Interpolation estimates unknown values that lie within an observed domain. Extrapolation extends established relationships beyondContinue reading “Excursus 091 – On Reconstruction as a Form of Scientific Inference”
Excursus 090 – On Simplicus and Compositum
Hossein Jorjani First publication: 2026 – 07 – 19 The distinction between simplicus and compositum, originally introduced to characterize different kinds of theoretical models, may be generalized into a broader methodological principle applicable to scientific inquiry. A simplicus object is one whose behavior can be adequately understood at a single level of organization. Its explanationContinue reading “Excursus 090 – On Simplicus and Compositum”
Hossein Jorjani 